Timing: 01h.30

CHOOSE ONLY ONE TOPIC

TOPIC 1 : Read the case study and answer the following questions by selecting the best answer for each.

Case Study:

Sarah is a 28-year-old woman who has been experiencing fatigue and excessive thirst for the past few months. She also finds herself needing to urinate more frequently than usual. Recently, she's noticed that she has lost some weight unintentionally. Concerned about these symptoms, Sarah decides to visit her doctor.

1.  Based on the information provided, which of the following classifications BEST describes Sarah's condition?

a)      Infectious disease - caused by a pathogen like bacteria or virus. b) Non-infectious disease - not caused by a pathogen, but potentially related to lifestyle or genetics. c) Acute illness - symptoms developed rapidly and are likely to resolve within days or weeks. d) Chronic illness - symptoms have been present for several months and may persist for a long time.

Key: b) Non-infectious disease - not caused by a pathogen, but potentially related to lifestyle or genetics.

2.  Considering Sarah's symptoms, which body system is most likely to be affected?

a) Respiratory system - responsible for breathing. b) Digestive system - responsible for breaking down food.

c) Endocrine system - regulates hormones, including those affecting blood sugar. d) Musculoskeletal system - provides structure and support for movement.

     Key:  b) Digestive system - responsible for breaking down food.

3.  When Sarah visits her doctor, which of the following questions would be MOST helpful for the doctor to ask in order to gather more information?

a) "Have you been experiencing any fever or chills lately?" (Focuses on infectious disease symptoms) b) "Have you noticed any changes in your appetite or digestion?" (Relevant but not directly related to core symptoms) c) "Do you have any family history of diabetes or other endocrine conditions?" (Targets potential underlying cause) d) "Have you recently started any new medications or supplements?" (May influence some symptoms)

      Key: c) "Do you have any family history of diabetes or other endocrine conditions?" (Targets potential underlying cause)

4.  If Sarah is diagnosed with a chronic illness, what is the MOST important piece of advice the doctor can offer her?

a) "There is no cure for this condition, but you can manage it with medication." (Honest, but may sound discouraging) b) "You should avoid all physical activity to prevent worsening your condition." (Not generally advised for most chronic illnesses) c) "Early diagnosis and proper management can significantly improve your quality of life." (Emphasizes positive outcomes with management) d) "This illness is highly contagious, so you should avoid contact with others." (Not relevant to a non-infectious chronic illness)

Key: (c) "Early diagnosis and proper management can significantly improve your quality of life." - This emphasizes the importance of treatment and positive outcomes.

5.  Following her doctor's advice, Sarah makes some lifestyle changes to manage her condition. This is an example of:

a)  Treatment through medication - This focuses on using medication for management. b) Preventative measures - While beneficial, Sarah already has the condition. c) Self-care practices - Lifestyle changes like diet and exercise can be part of self-care for chronic conditions. d) Seeking a second medical opinion - While Sarah may consider this, the scenario focuses on her initial doctor's advice.

Key:  c) Self-care practices - Lifestyle changes like diet and exercise can be part of self-care for chronic conditions.

TOPIC II : Read the texts (review the vocabulary) and answer the questions

Text 1: The Digestive System

The digestive system is a complex series of organs and glands that processes food. It breaks down food into nutrients, which the body uses for energy, growth, and cell repair. The digestive system includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. It also involves the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder, which produce digestive juices and enzymes that help break down food. The process of digestion involves the mechanical breakdown of food, the chemical digestion of nutrients, absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream, and elimination of waste. The digestive system plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health by ensuring the body receives the nutrients it needs to function properly.

Discussion Questions:

1.      What is the primary function of the digestive system?

              the primary function of the digestive system:  It breaks down food into nutrients, which the body uses for   

               energy, growth, and cell repair.

2.      What are the main organs involved in the digestive system?

             The main organs involved in the digestive system are: the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine,

             large intestine, rectum, and anus. It also involves the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder

3.      How do the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder contribute to digestion?

            The liver contributes to digestion by produce digestive juices and enzymes that help break down food

4.      What are the four main processes involved in digestion?

             The four main processes involved in digestion are: The mechanical breakdown of food, the chemical

           digestion of nutrients, absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream, and elimination of waste

5.      Why is the digestive system important for overall health?

            The digestive system important for overall health because it plays a crucial roleby ensuring the body

            receives the nutrients it needs to function properly

Vocabulary Words:

1.       Nutrients: Substances that provide nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life.

2.       Enzymes: Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body, including the breakdown of food.

3.       Absorption: The process by which nutrients from digested food are taken into the bloodstream.

4.       Mechanical Breakdown: The physical process of breaking down food into smaller pieces (e.g., chewing).

5.       Chemical Digestion: The process of breaking down food with enzymes into nutrients that can be absorbed.

6.       Elimination: The removal of indigestible substances and waste from the body.

7.       Digestive Juices: Fluids produced by the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder that aid in digestion.

8.       Glands: Organs that produce and release substances, such as enzymes and hormones, needed for various bodily functions.

Text 2: Title: "Key Processes in the Human Digestive System"

The human digestive system is a complex and efficient network that ensures the body receives essential nutrients from food. Key processes include:

·         Ingestion: The act of taking food into the mouth.

·         Digestion: Both mechanical and chemical processes break down food into smaller, absorbable components.

·         Absorption: Nutrients pass through the lining of the small intestine into the bloodstream.

·         Excretion: The removal of waste products from the body. Key organs involved include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. Each organ has a specific role in ensuring efficient digestion and nutrient absorption.

Discussion Questions:

1.      What are the four key processes in the digestive system?

              the four key processes in the digestive system are:

·         Ingestion: The act of taking food into the mouth.

·         Digestion: Both mechanical and chemical processes break down food into smaller, absorbable components.

·         Absorption: Nutrients pass through the lining of the small intestine into the bloodstream.

·         Excretion: The removal of waste products from the body. Key organs involved include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. Each organ has a specific role in ensuring efficient digestion and nutrient absorption.

2.      Which organ is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption?

The organ is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption is the small intestine into the bloodstream.

3.      What roles do the liver and pancreas play in digestion?

              Roles do the liver and pancreas play in digestion are produces bile, and the pancreas secretes

             enzymes for digesting fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.

4.      How does the process of excretion occur in the digestive system?

The process of excretion occurs in the digestive system by the removal of waste products from the body through the rectum and anus

5.      Why is it important for digestion to be both a mechanical and chemical process?

    It is important for digestion to be both a mechanical and chemical process because the both break down food into smaller, absorbable components which the Mechanical breakdown increases the surface area for enzymes to act, and chemical digestion converts food into absorbable nutrients

Vocabulary Words:

1.       Ingestion: The act of taking in food through the mouth.

2.       Excretion: The process of eliminating waste products from the body.

3.       Bile: A digestive fluid produced by the liver that helps digest fats.

4.       Carbohydrates: Organic compounds in food that provide energy.

5.       Proteins: Nutrients that are essential for the growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues.

6.       Fats: Nutrients that provide energy and support cell growth.

7.       Bile Duct: The duct that conveys bile from the liver and gallbladder to the small intestine.

8.       Peristalsis: The wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.